Abstract

This review article critically examines the role of artificial intelligence technologies in advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through a comprehensive analysis of 156 case studies and research initiatives from 42 countries, the paper maps AI applications to each of the 17 SDGs and evaluates their effectiveness, scalability, and potential negative externalities. The analysis reveals that AI has made the most significant contributions to SDG 3 (Good Health), SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry and Innovation), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). However, the review also identifies critical gaps, particularly in SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), where AI applications may inadvertently exacerbate existing disparities. The paper proposes a balanced framework for AI deployment that maximizes positive impact while mitigating risks, emphasizing the importance of inclusive governance, transparent algorithms, and cross-sector collaboration.